Hygiea Internationalis

Style Sheet

By Marie C. Nelson and Peter Berkesand

Introduction

This style sheet has been written as a guide to the authors in the preparation of manuscripts to be submitted to Hygiea Internationalis. We therefore kindly ask all authors to follow this style sheet. It is also important that the figures have the same appearance in every issue.

Article Text

All text should be written with Times New Roman font size 14 p. Please, do not use any other fonts. Straight margins should be used both left and right. Please do not divide words into syllables at the ends of lines. The first word in the first line after a headline should not be indented. In the second paragraph the first line should be indented 0.5 cm (0.2"). All numbers should be one point smaller then the text including the footnotes, figure headlines, figure numbers, etc. For example, if the text is in 14 p, all numbers should be written in 13 p; if the text is in 12 p, the numbers should be written in 11 p.

Headlines

Only use four levels of headlines: main title (level one), subtitle to the main title (level two), subtitle two (level three) and subtitle three (level four). All headlines should be written with the first letter in each word capitalised except for words such as prepositions (at, for, in, of, to, etc.). The headlines below serve as examples.

Footnotes

Books

All footnotes should be written as the examples below with the first line indented 1 cm (0.39") and with the second line beginning at the margin. A reference to a book should be written as the example below. Footnote text in Times New Roman size 12 p and numbers in size 11 p.

1. Jane Lewis, What Price Community Medicine? The Philosophy, Practice and Politics of Public Health since 1919 (Brighton, 1986), pp. 10–11.

2. Virginia Berridge, Health and Society in Britain since 1939. Studies in Economic and Social History (Cambridge, 1999), pp. 20–21.

Articles

3. Asa Briggs, “Cholera and Society in the Nineteenth Century”, Past and Present, 19 (1961), 76-96.

4. Dorothy Porter, “Stratification and its discontents: professionalization and conflict in the British public health service, 1848–1914”, in E. Fee and R. M. Acheson, eds., A History of Public Health (Oxford, 1991), p. 115.

Images

Preferably all images and graphics should be sent to us as separate files in tif-, eps- or bmp file format with a minimum resolution of 300 ppi or higher. The higher the resolution the better. If a file is not available, send a paper copy of any pictures, diagrams, maps, etc. for scanning. If you have made your diagrams in Excel or another program, send us the program file and we will take care of the rest. Clearly mark where the images, figures, tables or maps should be placed in the text. It is important when working with scientific texts and images to have knowledge of current copyright laws. Check out our Copyright page.

Figures

Do not include any headlines in the diagram. All headlines should be written separately. See the examples below. Do not use different colours in diagrams. If you use a bar graph, please use a pattern that will appear clearly in black and white. Use different patterns instead of colours, as the colours will not provide sufficient contrast when printed in black and white. Number the figures separately from the maps and tables.

A source should always be included below the diagram. Do not add any kind of background color in the graph. The background should always be white.

Figure 1. Estimated age-specific mortality in the 1877 scarlet fever epidemic in Sweden.

Source: Bidrag till Sveriges Officiella Statistik (BiSOS). A) Befolkning 1870:3 Table 1; 1877. Table 16; 1880:3, Table 1.

Figure 2. Age-specific mortality in northern Sweden, 1861–65.

Source: BiSOS. A) Befolkning, 1856–60:3, Table 1; 1861–65, Table 13; 1870:3, Table 1.

Figure 3. Age-specific mortality in Sweden, 1820–1920.

Source: Historisk statistik för Sverige. Vol. 1. Befolkning, 1720-1967 (Stockholm, 1969), Table 40.

Maps

If you include a map do not use any kind of colours since a dark colour will be black if printed in black and white. Try to use black, grey and white. See the example below. Number the maps separately from the figures and tables.

Map 1. Infant mortality rates in Iceland by counties, 1840–1852.

Source: NAI (National Archive Island). Bps. C. VI. Skýrslur um fædda, gifta og dána 1838–1871 (The map was created by Ólöf Garðarsdóttir on the basis of a map by Björn Gunnlaugsson (1846)).

Tables

The tables should be as simple as possible. Avoid extra lines, using only lines for the headlines, totals, etc. as in the example on the next page. Number the tables separately from the figures and maps.

Table 1. Indexed age-specific mortality in Sweden, 1831–1930. Index 100=1821–1830.

Year	1–2 years	3–4 years	5–9 years	10–14 years
1831–1840	94
92
99
104
1841–1850	87
97
103
98
1851–1860	103
133
144
122
1861–1870	106
134
120
97
1871–1880	88
112
112
93
1881–1890	77
98
102
90
1891–1900	61
72
79
80
1901–1910	44
45
54
70
1911–1920	33
36
46
65
1921–1930	20
19
26
40
Source: Calculated from Historisk statistik för Sverige. Vol. 1. Befolkning, 1720-1967, Table 40.

Quotations

It must be shown clearly if quotations are used in the text. A quote of less than two lines should be indicated by double quotation marks. The best way to indicate a longer quotation is illustrated below. It should be indented and printed in a smaller font without quotation marks.

We children were allowed to nurse until we were a couple of years of age. I remember still the sensation of my mother’s skin. .... When my mother sat suckling the youngest of us, she was often glad – almost delighted. So it happened, she took the small one away, played a little with the breast and then put it to the mouth of one of the older children, saying, “Do you want a bit too, ducky?” I have stood in my wooden shoes before my mum and had my part of the feast.

It is not necessary to add quotation marks if the text is indented. The text is 12p with a spacing of at least 17p. The left and right margins are indented 0.98 cm (0.39"). A quote within a quote should be marked by using single quotation marks in the original quote and double in the longer, the latter as in the example below.

“The elder statesman exclaimed: ‘I've been misquoted’”.

Lists

Numeric Lists

Numeric lists should be presented as below, with the left margin indented by 0.65 cm (0.26") and the right margin as a paragraph text.

the infant may ingest harmful micro-organisms.

the food may contain too few nutrients in forms the infant is able to use.

the food may contain nutrients in forms or concentrations which cause indigestion or other illnesses, both short- and long-term.

any other sustenance will reduce breast milk production because the infant’s demand, expressed in suckling, guides the production of the milk supply. An infant satisfied by something else will not suckle sufficiently to ensure the proper amount of milk.

Other lists

Indentation differs a bit between numeric and other kinds of lists. The size of the figures and the dots is not the same. Indent by 0.64 cm (0,25") and leave the right margin as a paragraph text.

the infant may ingest harmful micro-organisms.

the food may contain too few nutrients in forms the infant is able to use.

the food may contain nutrients in forms or concentrations which cause indigestion or other illnesses, both short- and long-term.

any other sustenance will reduce breast milk production because the infant’s demand, expressed in suckling, guides the production of the milk supply. An infant satisfied by something else will not suckle sufficiently to ensure the proper amount of milk.

Reference List

If a reference list is required, the list should follow the examples below. The first line should extend to the margin and the second line and the following lines should be indented 0.98 cm (0.39").

Book:

Ann G. Carmichael, Plague and the Poor in Renaissance Florence. Cambridge, 1986.

Journal article:

Brändström, Anders, Joel B. Greenhouse and Katherine A. Lynch, “Biometric Modeling in the Study of Infant Mortality: Evidence from Nineteenth-Century Sweden,” Historical Methods 31: 2 (1998), 53–64.

Chapter in an edited anthology that is part of a series:

Edvinsson, Sören, “Adult mortality and childhood conditions. Long-term effects of urban life in 19th century Sweden,” pp. 247–268 in Lars-Göran Tedebrand och Peter Sköld, eds., Nordic Demography in History and Present-Day Society. Report no. 18 from the Demographic Data Base. Umeå University. Umeå, 2001.

Article in a conference report:

Garðarsdóttir, Ólöf, ”Redefining childhood and child-labour in a changing society. Gender division in children’s work in urban Island,” in Kjönn, makt, samfunn i Norden i et historiskt perspektiv, Volume II. Konferanserapport fra det 5. nordiske kvinnohistorikermötet 8–11 augusti 1996. Oslo, 1997.

Chapter in an edited book:

Løkke, Anne, “Infancy and Old Age as Causes of Death,” pp. 55–73 in N. de Conick Smith and S. Mellemgaard, eds., Childhood and Old Age. Equals or Opposites, Odense, 1999.

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Hygiea Internationalis

Marie Clark Nelson

2005-02-01

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