In this paper; a Hybrid Energy System (HES) configuration is modeled in Modelica. Hybrid Energy Systems (HES) have as their defining characteristic the use of one or more energy inputs; combined with the potential for multiple energy outputs. Compared to traditional energy systems; HES provide additional operational flexibility so that high variability in both energy production and consumption levels can be absorbed more effectively. This is particularly important when including renewable energy sources; whose output levels are inherently variable; determined by nature.
The specific HES configuration modeled in this paper include two energy inputs: a nuclear plant; and a series of wind turbines. In addition; the system produces two energy outputs: electricity and synthetic fuel. The models are verified through simulations of the individual components; and the system as a whole. The simulations are performed for a range of component sizes; operating conditions; and control schemes.
Hybrid energy system; Modelica; multiple-input; multiple-output; renewable power; optimization
[1] Casella, F., and Leva, A., 2003, "Modelica
Open Library for Power Plant Simulation: Design and Experimental Validation," Proceeding of the 2003 Modelica conference, Linkoping, Sweden.
[2] Cengel, Y. A., 2007, Heat and Mass Transfer: A Practical Approach, McGraw-Hill.
[3] Chan, H. L., 2000, "A New Battery Model for Use with Battery Energy Storage Systems and Electric Vehicles Power Systems," Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2000. IEEE, IEEE, 1, pp. 470-475.
[4] de Neufville, R., and Scholtes, S., 2011, Flexibility in Engineering Design, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.
[5] Forsberg, C., 2013, "Nuclear Renewable Futures Employing Nuclear Process Heat," in INL Hybrid Energy Workshop, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
[6] Garcia, H. E., Mohanty, A., Lin, W.-C., and Cherry, R. S., 2013, "Dynamic Analysis of Hybrid Energy Systems under Flexible Operation and Variable Renewable Generation–Part I: Dynamic Performance Analysis," Energy.
[7] Garcia, H. E., Mohanty, A., Lin, W.-C., and Cherry, R. S., 2013, "Dynamic Analysis of Hybrid Energy Systems under Flexible Operation and Variable Renewable Generation–Part Ii: Dynamic Cost Analysis," Energy.
[8] Kim, Y.-H., and Ha, H.-D., 1997, "Design of Interface Circuits with Electrical Battery Models," Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 44(1), pp. 81-86.
[9] Modelica, 2012, "Modelica® - a Unified Object-Oriented Language for Systems Modeling," in Language Specification Version 3.3, https://www.modelica.org/documents/ModelicaSpec33.pdf.
[10] Moran, M. J., and Shapiro, H. N., 2004, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[11] National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U. S., 2006, "Western Wind Resources Dataset."
[12] National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U. S., 2010, Homer (the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables), http://homerenergy.com/.
[13] Petersson, J., Isaksson, P., Tummescheit, H., and Ylikiiskilä, J., 2011, Modeling and Simulation of a Vertical Wind Power Plant in Dymola/Modelica, Master’s Thesis Thesis, Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation, Lund University.
[14] Shaahid, S. M., and El-Amin, I., 2009,"Techno-Economic Evaluation of Off-Grid Hybrid Photovoltaic–Diesel–Battery Power Systems for Rural Electrification in Saudi Arabia—a Way Forward for Sustainable Development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(3), pp. 625-633.
[15] Vitali, D., and Ricci, R., 2013, "Design, Testing and Simulation of Hybrid Wind-Solar Energy Systems."
