Conference article

We explore the effectiveness of four feature representations -- bag-of-words, word embeddings, principal components and autoencoders -- for the binary categorization of the easy-to-read variety vs standard language. Standard language refers to the ordinary language variety used by a population as a whole or by a community, while the ``easy-to-read’’ variety is a simpler (or a simplified) version of the standard language. We test the efficiency of these feature representations on three corpora, which differ in size, class balance, unit of analysis, language and topic. We rely on supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. Results show that bag-of-words is a robust and straightforward feature representation for this task and performs well in many experimental settings. Its performance is equivalent or equal to the performance achieved with principal components and autoencorders, whose preprocessing is however more time-consuming. Word embeddings are less accurate than the other feature representations for this classification task.

feature representation text classification easy-to-read variety standard language weka supervised machine learning deep learning clustering bag-of-words principal components autoencoders word embeddings