Published: 2012-10-30
ISBN:
ISSN: 1650-3686 (print), 1650-3740 (online)
The disciplines of archaeology and museology underwent a profound reformation after the foundation of the Turkish Republic in 1923. The Kemalist idea was to found a new state with new traditions; a common heritage to share within the Turkish boundaries; and the past became a powerful tool to fulfil this project. Numerous excavations were conducted in Anatolia after the 1930s; and consequently the archaeological museums were intended to play an important role in showing the new archaeological discoveries to the wider public. This paper aims to investigate the connection between museums and national identity in Turkey after the establishment of the Republic. In the first part; I analyze the development of the history of archaeological practice and its political implications before and after the foundation of the Republic. In the second part; I focus my attention on the foundation and development of the Archaeological Museums of Istanbul and Ankara; investigating the connection between the state and the museums through the visual representation of the past.
Arik; R. O. (1950) L’Organisation des Musées en Turquie; Ankara; Millî Egitim Basimevi.
—— (1953) L’Histoire et l’Organisation des Musées Turcs; Istanbul; Millî Egitim Basimevi.
Atakuman; Ç. (2008) ‘Cradle or Crucible. Anatolia and Archaeology in the Early Years of the Republic (1923–1938)’; Journal of Social Archaeology 8 (2): 214–235.
Bayburtluoglu; I. (1991) Müze Belgelerine Göre Kurulusundan Günümüze Kadar Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi; Ankara Dergisi 2: 96–119.
Belli; O. (2001) Istanbul University’s Contributions to Archaeology in Turkey (1932–2000); Istanbul; Istanbul Universitesi.
Bilsel; S. M. C. (2007) Our Anatolia: Organicism and the Making of the Humanist Culture in Turkey; Muqarnas 24: 223–241.
Bozdogan; S. (2001) Modernism and Nation Building: Turkish Architectural Culture in the Early Republic; Seattle; WA; University of Washington Press.
Copeaux; É. (1997) Espaces et temps de la nation turque. Analyse d’une historiographie nationaliste 1931–1993; Paris; CNRS Editions.
Crooke; E. (2000) Politics; Archaeology and a Creation of a National Museum of Ireland. An Expression of National Life; Dublin; Portland; Irish Academic Press.
Edhem; H. (1935) Le Rang et l’Importance de nos Musees des Antiquites parmi les Musees Europeens; La Turquie Kemaliste 5: 2–9.
Erdur; O. & Duru; G. (ed.) (2003) Arkeoloji: Niye? Nasil? Ne için?; Istanbul; Yayinlari.
Erimtan; C. (2008) Hittites; Ottomans and Turks: Agaoglu Ahmed Bey and the Kemalist construction of Turkish Nationhood in Anatolia; Anatolian Studies 58: 141–171.
Gerçek; F. (1999) Türk Müzeciligi; Ankara; T. C. Kültür Bakanligi.
Goode; J. F. (2007) Negotiating for the Past: Archaeology; Nationalism; and Diplomacy in the Middle East; 1919–1941; Austin; University of Texas Press.
Gür; A. (2007) Stories in three dimensions. Narratives of Nation and the Anatolian Civilizations Museum; in Özyürek (ed.): 40–69.
Güterbock; H. G.; Özgüç N. (1946) Ankara Bedesteni’nde Bulunan Eti Müzesi Büyük Salonunun Kilavuzu; Istanbul; Milli Egitim Basimevi.
Güven S. (2010) Constructing the Past in Ankara: From Augustus to Atatürk; in Redford & Ergin (ed.): 35–54.
Hooper-Greenhill; E. (1992) Museums and the Shaping of Knowledge; London; Routledge. Inan; A. 1937. L’Activité Archéologique de la Société d’Histoire Turque; La Turquie Kemaliste 21-22: 6–9.
Istanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri Yilligi (1936–2001); Istanbul.
Kaplan; F. E. S. (ed.) (1994) Museums and the Making of “Ourselves”; the Role of Objects in National Identity; London; New York; Leicester University Press.
Kezer; Z. (2000) Familiar Things in Strange Places: Ankara’s Ethnography Museum and the Legacy of Islam in Republican Turkey; Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture 8: 101–116.
Kosay; H. Z. (1979) Ankara Arkeoloji Müzesi’nin ilk Kurulus Safhasi ile ilgili Anilar; Belleten (43: 170) 309–14.
Mamboury; E. (1925) Costantinople. Tourists’ Guide; Istanbul; Rizzo & Son.
Mamboury; E. (1933) Ankara; Guide Touristique; Ankara; Ministère Turc de l’Intérieur.
Museums of the General Directorate of Monuments and Museums. Ministry of Culture and Tourism; Republic of Turkey (2011) <http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D3130239EEA0F CDF038B44338F0DD5A3722B> (accessed 20 October 2011)
Ogan; A. (1936) Dünya Müzelerinde Faaliyet; Yeni Türk 41: 221–228.
—— (1947) Türk Müzeciligine 100üncü Yildönümü; Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu.
Özdogan; M. 1998. Ideology and archaeology in Turkey; in Meskell (ed.); Archaeology under Fire; London; Routledge;: 111–123.
Özyürek; E. (ed.) (2007) The Politics of Public Memory in Turkey; Syracuse; NY; Syracuse University Press.
—— (2007b) Introduction. The Politics of Public Memory in Turkey; in Özyürek: 1–15.
Redford; S.; Ergin; N. (ed.) (2010) Perceptions of the Past in the Turkish Republic: Classical and Byzantine Periods; Louvain; Peeters.
Shankland; D. (2010); Afterword: Heritage; Nationalism and Archaeology in the Republic of Turkey; in S. Redford & N. Ergin (ed.): 225–236.
Shaw; W. M. (2000) Islamic Arts in the Ottoman Imperial Museum; 1889–1923; Ars Orientalis 30: 55–68.
—— (2003) Possessors and Possessed: Museums; Archaeology; and the Visualization of History in the Late Ottoman Empire; Berkeley; University of California Press.
—— (2007) ‘Museums and Narratives of Display from the Late Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic’; Muqarnas 24; 253–280.
—— (2008) ‘The Rise of the Hittite Sun’; In M. K.Y. Phillip Kohl; Selective Remembrances: Archaeology in the Construction; Commemoration; and Consecration of National Pasts; Chicago; Chicago University Press; 163–188.
Tanyeri-Erdemir; T. (2006) ‘Archaeology as a Source of National Pride in the Early Years of the Turkish Republic’; Journal of Field Archaeology 31:4; Winter: 381–393.
Temizer; R. (1966) Musée D’Archéologie D’Ankara; Ankara.
Zürcher; E. J. (1993) Turkey. A Modern History; London; I. B. Tauris & Co Ltd.
