Simon Clatworthy
The Oslo School of Architecture and Design, AHO, Oslo, Norway
Robin Oorschot
Delft University of Technology, TU Delft, The Netherlands
Berit Lindquister
The Oslo School of Architecture and Design, AHO, Oslo, Norway
Download article
Published in: ServDes.2014 Service Future; Proceedings of the fourth Service Design and Service Innovation Conference; Lancaster University; United Kingdom; 9-11 April 2014
Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings 99:26, p. 270-280
Published: 2014-06-25
ISBN: 978-91-7519-280-2
ISSN: 1650-3686 (print), 1650-3740 (online)
This paper presents explorative work investigating how tangible objects can assist the understanding and discussion of the strategic implications of future scenarios. The paper draws upon theory and practice from co-design; particularly from the area of collaborative workshops using gaming; objects and tangible tools.
Three iterations of objects were developed; then evaluated through discussions with leaders in three commercial service providers. The results show that the tangible objects encouraged efficient and effective discussion and reflection regarding strategic implications of future scenarios. Further; they directed the discussion towards unexpected areas and helped the leaders gain an overview that supported meaningful discussion of future strategy.
The paper contributes to the field of Service Design by bridging co-design and service design and introducing tangible models; particularly as a tool for strategic discussion. It describes the development process and the results and discusses the important role that tangible objects might play in the future service co-design process.
Bogers; M.; & Sproedt; H. (2011). Playful collaboration (or not): Using a game to teach open
innovation concepts and practices. Journal of Teaching in International Business; 23(2); 75-97.
Brandt; E.; & Messeter; J. (2004). Facilitating Collaboration through Design Games. Paper
presented at the Participatory design conference; Toronto.
Brandt; E. (2006). Designing exploratory design games. In Proceedings of the ninth conference on
Participatory design: Expanding boundaries in design-Volume 1 (pp. 57-66). ACM.
Brandt;E.; Messeter; J. & Binder; T (2008). Formatting Design Dialogues - Games and
Participation. CoDesign; 4(1); 51-64.
Buur J. & Matthews B. (2008) Participatory Innovation. International Journal of Innovation
Management; 12(3); 255-273.
Buur; J. & Mitchell; R. (2011). The business modeling lab. In Proceedings of the Participatory
Innovation Conference (pp. 368-373). University of Southern Denmark.
Buur; J. (2012). The Role of Design in Business Model Innovation. Paper at the P&D Design 2012:
10 Congresso Brasileiro em Design; São Luís (MA).
Capjon; J. (2006). Towards a physically catalysed collaborative design process. Paper presented at the
NordCode; Oslo.
Carlile; P. R. (2002). A pragmatic view of knowledge and boundaries: Boundary objects in
new product development. Organization Science; 13(4); 442-455.
Carlile; P. R. (2004). Transferring; translating; and transforming: An integrative framework
for managing knowledge across boundaries. Organization Science; 15(5); 555-568.
Clark; A. (2008). Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment; Action; and Cognitive Extension. Oxford
University Press.
Diana; C.; Pacenti; E.; & Tassi; R. (2009). Visualtiles-Communication tools for (service) design. Paper
presented at ServDes.2009 conference; Oslo.
Djajadiningrat; J. P.; Overbeeke; C. J.; & Wensveen; S. A. G. (2000). Augmenting fun and
beauty: a pamphlet. In Proceedings of DARE 2000 on Designing augmented reality environments
(pp. 131-134). ACM.
Eriksen; M. A. (2012). Material matters in co-designing: formatting & staging with participating
materials in co-design projects; events & situations. Malmø University.
Holmlid; S. & Evenson; S. (2007). Prototyping and enacting services: Lessons learned from
human-centered methods. Proceedings 10th Quality in Services Conf; QUIS 10. Orlando.
Kaario; et al. (2009). Someone Else’s Shoes - Using Role-Playing Games in User-Centered Service
Design. Paper presented at ServDes.2009 conference; Oslo.
Kimbell; L. (2009). Insights From Service Design Practice. Paper presented at the 8th European
Academy of Design Conference; The Robert Gordon University; Scotland.
Lakoff; G.; & Johnson; M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago press.
Lübbe; A. (2011). Principles for Business Modeling with Novice Users. Proceedings of the first
Participatory Innovation Conference; Sønderborg; Danmark.
Martin; R. L. (2009). The design of business: Why design thinking is the next competitive advantage.
Harvard Business School Press.
Mead; G.H. (1934). "The ’I’ and the "me"; in C. Morris (Ed.); Mind Self and Society from the
Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist. (pp; 173-178); University of Chicago press.
Papert; S. (1980). Mindstorms: Children; Computers and Powerful Ideas. Basic Books; NY
Pedersen; J.; & Buur; J. (2000). Games and Movies: Towards Innovative Co-design with
Users. In Scrivener; Ball; & Woodcock (Eds.); Collaborative Design (pp. 93-100). Springer
London.
Sangiorgi; D. (2012). Value co-creation in design for services. In S. Miettinnen & A.
Valtonen (Eds.); Service Design with Theory (pp. 96-104). Vantaa: University of Lapland.
Segelström; F. (2010). Visualisations in Service Design. (Phd thesis); Linköping.
Sproedt; H.; & Buur; J. (2009). Innovation is a Game. Proc. of 3rd International Conference On
Organization Development And Change; Lyon; France; June 2010.
Star; S. L. (1990). The structure of ill-structured solutions. In G. Les & N. H. Michael (Eds.);
Distributed artificial intelligence: vol. 2 (pp. 37-54): Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.
Teal et al. (2010). Adapting service design tools to facilitate interdisciplinary research
collaborations. Paper presented at ServDes.2010 conference.
Tversky; B.; Morrison; J.; & Zacks; J. (2002). On Bodies and Events. In A. Meltzoff & W.
Prinz (Eds.); The imitative mind (pp.221-232): Cambridge University Press
van Oorschot; R. (2013) Tangible Models: Freedom in Structure. Mads Clausen Institute at the
University of Southern Denmark
