Matteo Pelosi
Öhlins Racing AB, Jönköping, Sweden
Kashyap Subramanya
Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
Jonas Lantz
Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Division, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
Download article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp1392a24Published in: 13th Scandinavian International Conference on Fluid Power; June 3-5; 2013; Linköping; Sweden
Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings 92:24, p. 241-250
Published: 2013-09-09
ISBN: 978-91-7519-572-8
ISSN: 1650-3686 (print), 1650-3740 (online)
The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of the internal fluid flow characteristics of a special hydraulic solenoid valve; developed by Öhlins Racing AB; on its overall dynamic behavior. This valve is a two stage hydraulic pressure control valve and is typically mounted on each shock absorber of an on-road vehicle; allowing the implementation of semi-active suspension functionality. This technology is referred as CES (Continuously Controlled Electronic Suspension). The CES valve allows continuously controlling the vehicle shock absorbers damping characteristic by proportionally adjusting the metering geometry offered to its damping element; i.e. hydraulic oil. The electronic valve actuation and control; obtained through an electromagnetic solenoid; is based on the input from several vehicle dynamics sensors; such as accelerometers; gyroscopes and other displacement sensors. The CES valve’s unconventional design significantly influences the fluid flow; making the use of numerical modeling essential to discover its physical behavior and to support further product development. In this paper; a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis on the main and pilot stages of the hydraulic valve is discussed. This 3D numerical analysis is used to extract critical physical variables; affecting the valve behavior; such as flow coefficients and pressure distributions on the moving elements; i.e. flow forces. This information is coupled with a detailed lumped parameter model of the hydraulic valve; which solves for the valve moving element dynamics considering the action of the main external forces. Moreover; the 1D model allows predicting the valve critical pressure/flow characteristics. It is shown how the coupling of 3D modeling results with the CES valve 1D model strongly improves the whole valve dynamics numerical predictions over traditional methods for considering the effect of fluid inertia and discharge in lumped parameter simulations. Comparisons with measurement both on single regions of the CES hydraulic valve and on the entire valve are discussed in order to validate the various phases of numerical modeling
[1] Blackburn; J. F.; Reethof G.; Shearer; J. L. 1966. Fluid Power Control; USA: MIT Press.
[2] H E Merritt. 1967. Hydraulic Control Systems. John Wileys and Sons; Cincinnati; Ohio; ISBN 0-471-59617-5.
[3] Nervegna; N. 2003. Oleodinamica e Pneumatica: Sistemi; Componenti; Esercitazioni. Politeko; Turin; Italy.
[4] Borghi; M.; Cantore; G.; Milani; M. and Paoluzzi; R. 1998. Analysis of hydraulic components using computational fluid dynamics models. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers; Vol. 212 (7) Part C; pp. 619–629.
[5] Vacca; A.; Greco M.; Fornaciari; A. 2008. New concept for the development of a relief; anti-shock and anti-cavitation cartridge valve. Proceedings of the 2008 IFK; Dresden; Germany.
[6] Amirante R; Del Vescovo G; Lippolis A. 2006. Evaluation of the flow forces on an open centre directional control valve by means of a computational fluid dynamic analysis. Energy Conversion & Management 47; pp. 1748–1760.
[7] Amirante R; Del Vescovo G; Lippolis A. 2006. A flow forces analysis of an open center hydraulic directional control valve sliding spool. Energy Conversion & Management 47; pp. 114–131.
[8] Amirante; R.; Moscatelli; P. G.; and Catalano; L. A. 2007. Evaluation of the Flow Forces on a Direct (Single Stage) Proportional Valve by Means of a Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis. Energy Conversion & Management 48; pp. 942–953.
[9] Del Vescovo G; Lippolis A. 2003. CFD analysis of flow forces on spool valves. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Computational Methods in Fluid Power Technology; Melburne; Australia.
[10]Valdés; J. R.; Miana; M. J.; Núñez; J. L.; and Pütz; T. 2008. Reduced Order Model for Estimation of Fluid Flow and Flow Forces in Hydraulic Proportional Valves. Energy Conversion & Management 49; pp. 1517–1529.
[11]Ansys Fluent User’s Guide; Release 14.0; November 2011.
[12]Ansys Fluent Theory Guide; Release 14.0; November 2011.
[13]LMS Imagine AMESim Rev. 11 Reference Manual 2012.
[14]Clavier; A.; Alirand; M.; Vernant; F. and Sagot; B. 2003. Local Approach to Improve the Global Approach of Hydraulic Forces in Ball Poppet Valves. Proc. of the 4th International Symposium on Fluid Power; Wuhan; China.
[15]Baudry X; Mare JC. 2000. Linking CFD and lumped parameters analysis for the design of flow compensated spool valves. Proceedings of the 1st FPNI-PhD symposium; Hamburg; Germany; pp. 249–258.
[16]Borghi M; Milani M; Paoluzzi R. 2005. Influence of notch shape and number on the metering characteristics of hydraulic spool valves. International Journal of Fluid Power; Vol.6 (2); pp. 5–18.
[17]Borghi M; Milani M; Paoluzzi R. 2000. Stationary axial flow force analysis on compensated spool valves. International Journal of Fluid Power; Vol. 1(1); pp. 17–25.
