Conference article

Tool coupling for the design and operation of building energy and control systems based on the Functional Mock-up Interface standard

Thierry Stephane Nouidui
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, USA

Michael Wetter
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, USA

Download articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp14096311

Published in: Proceedings of the 10th International Modelica Conference; March 10-12; 2014; Lund; Sweden

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings 96:32, p. 311-320

Show more +

Published: 2014-03-10

ISBN: 978-91-7519-380-9

ISSN: 1650-3686 (print), 1650-3740 (online)

Abstract

This paper describes software tools developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) that can be coupled through the Functional Mock-up Interface standard in support of the design and operation of building energy and control systems. These tools have been developed to address the gaps and limitations encountered in legacy simulation tools. These tools were originally designed for the analysis of individual domains of buildings; and have been difficult to integrate with other tools for runtime data exchange. The coupling has been realized by use of the Functional Mock-up Interface for co-simulation; which standardizes an application programming interface for simulator interoperability that has been adopted in a variety of industrial domains.

As a variety of coupling scenarios are possible; this paper provides users with guidance on what coupling may be best suited for their application. Furthermore; the paper illustrates how tools can be integrated into a building management system to support the operation of buildings. These tools may be a design model that is used for real-time performance monitoring; a fault detection and diagnostics algorithm; or a control sequence; each of which may be exported as a Functional Mock-up Unit and made available in a building control systems as an input/output block. We anticipate that this capability can contribute to bridging the observed performance gap between design and operational energy use of buildings.

Keywords

Co-simulation; Functional Mock-up Interface; Building Management System; Niagara<sup>AX</sup>

References

[1] D. B. Crawley, L. K. Lawrie, F. C. Winkelmann, W. F. Buhl, Y. J. Huang, C. O. Pedersen, et al., "EnergyPlus: creating a new-generation building energy simulation program," Energy and Buildings, vol. 33, pp. 319-331, Apr 2001.

[2] A. Klein, J. A. Duffie, and W. A. Bechman,"TRNSYS - A transient simulation program.," ASHRAE Transactions, vol. 82, pp. 623-683, 1976.

[3] X. F. Pang, M. Wetter, P. Bhattacharya, and P. Haves, "A framework for simulationbased real-time whole building performance assessment," Building and Environment, vol. 54, pp. 100-108, Aug 2012.

[4] D. Gyalistras, C. Sagerschnig, and M. Gwerder, "A Multi-stage Approach For Building And HVAC Model Validation And Its Application To A Swiss Office Building," in 13th International Conference of the International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambery, France, 2013.

[5] D.-W. Kim, J.-H. Kim, S.-L. Park, K.-C. Kim, and C.-S. Park, "Traditional Vs. Cognitive Agent Simulation," in 13th International Conference of the International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambery, France, 2013.

[6] D. Broman, C. Brooks, L. Greenberg, E. A. Lee, M. Masin, S. Tripakis, et al.,"Determinate Composition of FMUs for Co-Simulation," in Proc. of the International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT 2013), Montreal, Canada, 2013.

[7] MODELISAR-Consortium. (2010). Functional Mock-up Interface for Model- Exchange. Available: https://svn.modelica.org/fmi/branches/public/specifications/FMI_for_ModelExchange_v1.0.pdf

[8] MODELISAR-Consortium. (2010). Functional Mock-up Interface for Co-Simulation. Available: https://svn.modelica.org/fmi/branches/public/specifications/FMI_for_CoSimulation_v1.0.pdf

[9] MODELISAR-Consortium. (2011). Functional Mock-up Interface for Product Lifecycle Management. Available: https://svn.modelica.org/fmi/branches/public/specifications/FMI_for_PLM_v1.0.pdf

[10] M. Wetter, "Co-simulation of building energy and control systems with the Building Controls Virtual Test Bed," Journal of Building Performance Simulation, vol. 4, pp. 185-203, 2011.

[11] E. A. Lee, S. Neuendorffer, and G. Zhou, System Design, Modeling, and Simulation Using Ptolemy II, Claudius Ptolemaeus ed.: Ptolemy.org, 2014.

[12] Mathworks. (2013). MATLAB & Simulink. Available: www.mathworks.com/

[13] S. E. Mattsson and H. Elmqvist, "An international effort to design the next generation modeling language," in 7th IFAC Symposium on Computer Aided Control Systems Design, Gent, Belgium, 1997.

[14] J. Clarke, "Moisture flow modelling within the ESP-r integrated building performance simulation system," Journal of Building Performance Simulation, vol. 6, pp. 385 399, Sep 1 2013.

[15] A. Grynberg, "Validation of Radiance," Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley LBID 1575, 1989.

[16] T. S. Nouidui, M. Wetter, Z. Li, X. Pang, P. Bhattacharya, and P. Haves, "BACnet and Analog/Digital Interfaces of the Building Controls Virtual Test Bed," in 12th International Building Simulation Association Conference, Sydney, Australia, 2011.

[17] Y.-J. Wen, D. DiBartolomeo, and F. Rubinstein, "Co-simulation Based Building Controls Implementation with Networked Sensors and Actuators," in BuildSys’11, Seattle, WA, 2011.

[18] M. Trcka, M. Wetter, and J. Hensen, "An implementation of co-simulation for performance prediction of innovative integrated HVAC systems in buildings," in 11th International Conference of the International Building Performance Simulation Association, Glasgow, Scotland, 2009.

[19] J. Huang, F. Winkelmann, F. Buhl, C. Pedersen, D. Fisher, R. Liesen, et al.,"Linking the COMIS multizone airflow model with the EnergyPlus building simulation program," in Building Simulation 1999, Kyoto, Japan, 1999, pp. 1065-1070.

[20] Z. Zhai and Q. Chen, "Performance of coupled building energy and CFD simulations," Energy and Buildings, vol. 33, pp. 319-331, 2005.

[21] W. Bernal, T. Nghiem, M. Behl, and R. Mangharam, "MLE+: A Tool for Integrated Design and Deployment of Energy Efficient Building Controls," in 4th ACM Workshop On Embedded Sensing Systems For Energy Efficiency In Buildings, Toronto, Canada, 2012.

[22] C. Nytsch-Geusen, J. Huber, and Y. Nie,"Simulation-based design of PV cooling systems for residential buildings in hot and dry climates," in 13th International Conference of the International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambery, France, 2013.

[23] EnergyPlus. (2013). Input Output Reference - The Encyclopedic Reference to EnergyPlus Input and Output. Available: http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/pdfs/inputoutputreference.pdf

[24] T. S. Nouidui, M. Wetter, and W. Zuo,"Functional Mock-up Unit for Co-Simulation Import in EnergyPlus," Journal of Building Performance Simulation, vol. 7, pp. 192-202, 2013.

[25] EnergyPlus, "External Interface(s) Application Guide, Guide for using EnergyPlus with External Interface," 2013.

[26] T. S. Nouidui, D. M. Lorenzetti, and M. Wetter. (2013). EnergyPlusToFMU. Available: http://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/fmu/EnergyPlus/export/index.html

[27] Tridium and Sun-Microsystems. (2000). Baja: A Java - based Architecture Standard for the Building Automation Industry. Available: http://www.automatedbuildings.com/wsim/Baja_White_Paper.pdf

[28] C. Brooks, E. A. Lee, M. Wetter, T. S. Nouidui, D. Broman, and S. Tripakis. (2012). JFMI - A Java Wrapper for the Functional Mock-up Interface. Available: http://ptolemy.eecs.berkeley.edu/java/jfmi/

Citations in Crossref