Jonathan D. Leaver
Unitec NZ, Auckland, New Zealand
Luke HT. Leaver
Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre, Tokyo, Japan
Ian D. Bishop
University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
José Renato de O. Lima
CEMPEQC - Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Brazil
Fabricia Gasparini
CEMPEQC - Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Brazil
Nadia de L. Camargo
CEMPEQC - Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Brazil
Yussra A. Ghani
CEMPEQC - Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Brazil
Rondenelly B. da Silva
Chemistry Department, Piauí Federal University, Brazil
José Eduardo de Olivieira
CEMPEQC - Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Brazil
Honghee Park
Graduate School of Division of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
Wonuk Kim
Graduate School of Division of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
Joo Seoung Lee
Graduate School of Division of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
Yongchan Kim
School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
A. K. Singh
Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, India
S. K. Parida
Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, India
J. F. Song
The New and Renewable Energy of Beijing Key Laboratory, North China Electric Power University, China
Y. P. Yang
The New and Renewable Energy of Beijing Key Laboratory, North China Electric Power University, China
H. J. Hou
The New and Renewable Energy of Beijing Key Laboratory, North China Electric Power University, China
M. X. Zhang
The New and Renewable Energy of Beijing Key Laboratory, North China Electric Power University, China
Victor A. Mazur
Academy of Refrigeration, Odessa, Ukraine
Dmytro Nikitin
Academy of Refrigeration, Odessa, Ukraine
Makato Tamura
Ibaraki University, Mito-city, Japan
Shinichiro Okushima
University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-science-city, Japan
Hoy-Yen Chan
Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Saffa Riffat
Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Jie Zhu
Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Reza Ahmadian
Hydro-environmental Research Centre, Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, UK
Roger Falconer
Hydro-environmental Research Centre, Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, UK
Bettina Bockelmann-Evans
Hydro-environmental Research Centre, Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, UK
K. Nagy
Special Advisor, Triones Institute of Technology, Budapest, Hungary
K. Körmendi
Phd student, Zrínyi Miklós National Defense University, Budapest, Hungary
Gerrit Boschloo
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Anders Hagfeldt
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Håkan Rensmo
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Lars Kloo
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Licheng Sun
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Henrik Pettersson
Swerea IVF, Mölndal, Sweden
Eric P. Johnson
Atlantic Consulting, Gattikon, Switzerland
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110573613Published in: World Renewable Energy Congress - Sweden; 8-13 May; 2011; Linköping; Sweden
Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings 57:15, p. 3613-3620
New Zealand is a small isolated country in the South Pacific with a population of 4.3 million people that has a strong commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions stemming both from its drive for global branding of principal export commodities and a desire to invest in new green technologies. New Zealand’s renewable electricity generation reserve using biomass and wind alone is as much as 11 times the 2009 annual electricity demand. In this study the practical limits of fossil fuel reductions in the electricity and road transport sectors of the New Zealand economy are investigated using the multi-region partial equilibrium economic model UniSyD to examine a low carbon scenario in which oil reaches a maximum of US$200/bbl in 2030 in conjunction with a carbon tax of US$200 per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent. In this scenario biofuel and electric drive vehicles are found to constitute 8% and 36% of the light vehicle fleet in 2050 respectively; with the balance of 56% still being fossil fuel vehicles. Government regulation is likely needed to reduce the proportion of fossil fuel vehicles to below 30% of the total fleet.
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