Sebastian Petrick
Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany
Katrin Rehdanz
Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany \ Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany
Ulrich Wagner
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
Hakan Demir
Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
S. özgür Atayilmaz
Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
Özden Agra
Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
H. Farzaneh
Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
M. Fahimi
Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Ahmed A. Y. Freewan
Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid, Jordan
Tim Daly
Sustainable Energy Research Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
Luke E. Myers
Sustainable Energy Research Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
AbuBakr S. Bahaj
Sustainable Energy Research Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
Liang-Huey Lo
Science & Technology Policy Research and Information Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
Prem Prakash Solanki
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, India
K. M. Gangotri
Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, India
Prakash R. Kotecha
Center for Uncertain Systems: Tools for Optimization and Management, Vishwamitra Research Institute, Clarendon Hills, Illinois, USA
Urmila M. Diwekar
Center for Uncertain Systems: Tools for Optimization and Management, Vishwamitra Research Institute, Clarendon Hills, Illinois, USA
Heriberto Cabezas
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Sustainable Technology Division, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Konstantinos Gkagkas
Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA, Brussels, Belgium
Jonas Ambeck-Madsen
Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA, Brussels, Belgium
Ichiro Sakata
Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA, Brussels, Belgium
Helena Persson
School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Sweden
Bengt Perers
Department of Civil Engineering DTU, Denmark
Bo Carlsson
School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Sweden
Viktoria Gaß
Department of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Franziska Strauss
Department of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Johannes Schmidt
Department of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Erwin Schmid
Department of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Yuanhui Ji
Division of Energy Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden
Xiaoyan Ji
Division of Energy Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden
Xiaohua Lu
State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, China
Yongmin Tu
Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, China \ Division of Structural Design and Bridges, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden
Anthony Goncalves
t3e Industrial research chair, École de technologie supårieure, Montråal, Canada \ GRIPS, Universitå du Quåbec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Canada
Laszlo Kiss
GRIPS, Universitå du Quåbec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Canada
Marie-Isabelle Farinas
GRIPS, Universitå du Quåbec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Canada
Daniel Rousse
t3e Industrial research chair, École de technologie supårieure, Montråal, Canada
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp11057867Published in: World Renewable Energy Congress - Sweden; 8-13 May; 2011; Linköping; Sweden
Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings 57:16, p. 867-874
This paper analyzes the interactions between a number of key energy characteristics of German industrial plants in 2006; using an exceptionally rich dataset comprising more than 44 000 plants. Already by using basic descriptive statistical techniques we find that larger energy users tend to use energy less efficiently. This correlation is particularly prevalent in sectors with high energy intensity. We identify an energy mix effect as the main driver of this interrelation; since larger energy consumers tend to use less electricity in relation to other fuels; and electricity can be deployed more efficiently. The energy mix effect is also one of the reasons behind a negative correlation between energy intensity and the emission factor. From the correlation between plant-level energy intensity and gross output; we infer on the existence of increasing and decreasing returns to energy. We identify increasing returns
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[2] IEA (International Energy Agency); CO2 emissions from fuel combustion; 2009.
[3] S. Petrick; K. Rehdanz and U. J. Wagner; Energy Use Patterns in German Industry: Evidence from Plant-level Data; Journal of Economics and Statistics; forthcoming.
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[6] FDZ (Forschungsdatenzentrum der Statistischen Ämter der Länder); AFiD-Modul Energieverwendung der Jahre 2003-2006; own calculations.
[7] AGEB (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen); Energy Balances for the Federal Republic of Germany; 2009; http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/viewpage.php?idpage=63; accessed September 4; 2010.
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