Nicoletta Kythreotou
School of Engineering and design, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
Georgios Florides
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
Savvas A. Tassou
School of Engineering and design, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
Download article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp11057968Published in: World Renewable Energy Congress - Sweden; 8-13 May; 2011; Linköping; Sweden
Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings 57:29, p. 968-975
Published: 2011-11-03
ISBN: 978-91-7393-070-3
ISSN: 1650-3686 (print), 1650-3740 (online)
Energy consumption for most sectors in Cyprus is not well monitored and therefore their impact on greenhouse gases emissions has never been estimated. Thus; the aim of this study was to estimate the energy consumption in livestock breeding activities in Cyprus; and estimate the respective emissions of greenhouse gases. The energy consumption considered is related to all direct energy uses on a farm except transport. All data available from national sources have been taken into account and the consumption of energy per animal was estimated to be 401 kWh/cow; 624 kWh/sow and 0.618 kWh/chicken. The direct energy consumption in livestock breeding was estimated to be 53 GWh for 2008. The greenhouse gas emissions from this were estimated to be 15.6 kt CO2 equivalent of which 91% is CO2. The contribution of livestock breeding to the total agricultural energy consumption has been found to be 10-15%. Comparing the energy consumption per animal to other countries in a sample for which data was available; the consumption for Cyprus has been found for all animal species to be lower; mainly due to the warmer climatic conditions.
Direct energy consumption; Livestock breeding; Cyprus; Greenhouse gases emissions
[1] Council of the European Union; Climate and energy package; Official Journal of the European Union. L140 Volume 52 5 June 2009; ISSN 1725-25555
[2] Council of the European Union; Conclusions of the Summer European Council; 17 June 2010; EUCO 13/10; CO EUR 9; CONCL 2; General Secretariat of the Council
[3] Council of the European Union; Decision No 406/2009/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the effort of Member States to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to meet the Community’s greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments up to 2020; Official Journal of the European Union L 140; 5.6.2009; p. 136 – 148
[4] K.J. Hulsbergen; B. Feil; S. Biermann; G.W. Rathke; W.D. Kalk; W.A. Diepenbrock; Method of energy balancing in crop production and its application in a long-term fertilizer trial. Agric Ecosyst Environ; 2001 86(3): 303–21.
doi: 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00286-3.
[5] M. Meul; F. Nevens; D. Reheul; G. Hofman; Energy use efficiency of specialized dairy; arable and pig farms in Flanders. Agric Ecosyst Environ 2007 119(1–2): 135–44.
doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2006.07.002.
[6] Department of Environment; Ministry of Agriculture; Natural Resources and Environment. 2009. Annual report on Emissions Trading System of Electricity Authority of Cyprus for 2005 - 2008. Personal communication
[7] Cyprus Laws of 2005 to 2007 on the Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of certain Projects; basic Law No. 140(I)/2005; latest amendment Law No. 42(?)/2007 in Cyprus Gazette no. 4120; Publication date: 05/04/2007; Page: 00501-00507.
[8] Council of the European Union; Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control. Official Journal of the European Union L 257; 10/10/1996 P. 0026 – 0040
[9] Department of Environment; Ministry of Agriculture; Natural Resources and Environment; 2010 Annual report of Integrated Pollution Prevention Control poultry farms and piggeries 2007; Personal communication.
[10] Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) submitted for examination to the Department of Environment for the purposes of Laws of 2005 to 2007 on the Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of certain Projects; Personal data collection; 2010.
[11] NPRO Engineering Ltd.; ? study on law enforcement for integrated pollution prevention control in poultry farming in Cyprus; Prepared for the Department of Environment of Ministry of Agriculture; Natural Resources and Environment (in greek); 2006; Nicosia; Cyprus (in greek).
[12] Department of Agriculture; Ministry of Agriculture; Natural Resources and Environment; Pig farming review for the year 2008. 2009; Nicosia; Cyprus (in greek).
[13] IPCC; 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories; Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme; Eggleston H.S.; Buendia L.; Miwa K.; Ngara T. and Tanabe K. (eds). Published: IGES; 2006; Japan.
[14] IPCC; Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories; Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme; Published: IGES; 1998; Japan.
[15] Energy Service; Ministry of Commence; Industry and Tourism; Energy balance 1990-2008; Personal communication; Nicosia; Cyprus.
[16] T. Hörndahl; Energy Use in Farm Buildings. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Faculty of Landscape Planning; Horticulture and Agricultural Science; Report 2008:8; ISSN 1654-5427; ISBN 978-91-85911-76-9; Alnarp 2008
[17] J.A. Dyer; R.L. Desjardins; An Integrated Index of Electrical Energy Use in Canadian Agriculture with Implications for Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Biosystems Engineering; 2006 95 (3); 449–460.
doi: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2006.07.013.
[18] Business Development and Economics; Swine farrow to finish results individual report prepared for: all farm average; Farm Management Analysis Project (FMAP).;Truro; NS: Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture; 2004.
[19] H.R.I. Warwick; AC0401: Direct energy use in agriculture: opportunities for reducing fossil fuel inputs; Final report to Defra; 2007; U.K.
[20] European Commission; Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control - Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Intensive Rearing of Chicken and Pigs; 2003.
[21] A. Annuk; H. Nurste; S. Skau Damskier; Energy Efficiency in intensive livestock; Estonia; Energy saving measures on poultry farms; Carl Bro Intelligent solutions; 2004.
[22] Turco; J.E.P.; Ferreira; L.F.S.A.; Furlan; R.L.; 2002. Consumption and electricity costs in a commercial broiler house. Rev. bras. eng. agr?c. ambient. [online]. vol.6; n.3; pp. 519-522. ISSN 1415-4366.
doi: 10.1590/S1415-43662002000300023.
[23] Compassion in World Farming; Global Warning: Climate Change and Farm Animal Welfare. Revised 2009; UK.
[24] Department of Environment; Cyprus national greenhouse gas inventory 1990 – 2008; Ministry of Agriculture; Natural Resources and Environment; Cyprus; 2010.
