We compare the performance of a transition-based parser in regards to different annotation schemes. We propose to convert some specific syntactic constructions observed in the universal dependency treebanks into a so-called more standard representation and to evaluate parsing performances over all the languages of the project. We show that the “standard” constructions do not lead systematically to better parsing performance and that the scores vary considerably according to the languages.
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Ryan McDonald and Joakim Nivre. 2007. Characterizing the errors of data-driven dependency parsing models. In Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL), pages 122–131, Prague, Czech Republic, June. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Ryan McDonald, Joakim Nivre, Yvonne Quirmbach-Brundage, Yoav Goldberg, Dipanjan Das, Kuzman Ganchev, Keith Hall, Slav Petrov, Hao Zhang, Oscar Täckström, Claudia Bedini, Núria Bertomeu Castelló, and Jungmee Lee. 2013. Universal Dependency Annotation for Multilingual Parsing. In Proceedings of ACL 2013, the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers), pages 92–97, Sofia, Bulgaria, August.
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Joakim Nivre, Željko Agic, Lars Ahrenberg, Maria Jesus Aranzabe, Masayuki Asahara, Aitziber Atutxa, Miguel Ballesteros, John Bauer, Kepa Bengoetxea, Yevgeni Berzak, Riyaz Ahmad Bhat, Cristina Bosco, Gosse Bouma, Sam Bowman, Gülsen Cebirolu Eryiit, Giuseppe G. A. Celano, Çar Çöltekin, Miriam Connor, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Arantza Diaz de Ilarraza, Kaja Dobrovoljc, Timothy Dozat, Kira Droganova, Tomaž Erjavec, Richárd Farkas, Jennifer Foster, Daniel Galbraith, Sebastian Garza, Filip Ginter, Iakes Goenaga, Koldo Gojenola, Memduh Gokirmak, Yoav Goldberg, Xavier Gómez Guinovart, Berta Gonz´ales Saavedra, Normunds Gruzitis, Bruno Guillaume, Jan Hajic, Dag Haug, Barbora Hladká, Radu Ion, Elena Irimia, Anders Johannsen, Húner Kas¸kara, Hiroshi Kanayama, Jenna Kanerva, Boris Katz, Jessica Kenney, Simon Krek, Veronika Laippala, Lucia Lam, Alessandro Lenci, Nikola Ljubešic, Olga Lyashevskaya, Teresa Lynn, Aibek Makazhanov, Christopher Manning, Catalina Maranduc, David Marecek, Héctor Martínez Alonso, Jan Mašek, Yuji Matsumoto, Ryan McDonald, Anna Missilä, Verginica Mititelu, Yusuke Miyao, Simonetta Montemagni, Keiko Sophie Mori, Shunsuke Mori, Kadri Muischnek, Nina Mustafina, Kaili Mûûrisep, Vitaly Nikolaev, Hanna Nurmi, Petya Osenova, Lilja Øvrelid, Elena Pascual, Marco Passarotti, Cenel-Augusto Perez, Slav Petrov, Jussi Piitulainen, Barbara Plank, Martin Popel, Lauma Pretkalnia, Prokopis Prokopidis, Tiina Puolakainen, Sampo Pyysalo, Loganathan Ramasamy, Laura Rituma, Rudolf Rosa, Shadi Saleh, Baiba Saul¯ite, Sebastian Schuster,Wolfgang Seeker, Mojgan Seraji, Lena Shakurova, Mo Shen, Natalia Silveira, Maria Simi, Radu Simionescu, Katalin Simkó, Kiril Simov, Aaron Smith, Carolyn Spadine, Alane Suhr, Umut Sulubacak, Zsolt Szántó, Takaaki Tanaka, Reut Tsarfaty, Francis Tyers, Sumire Uematsu, Larraitz Uria, Gertjan van Noord, Viktor Varga, Veronika Vincze, Jing Xian Wang, Jonathan North Washington, Zdenek Žabokrtský, Daniel Zeman, and Hanzhi Zhu. 2016. Universal dependencies 1.3. LINDAT/CLARIN digital library at Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics, Charles University in Prague.
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Rudolf Rosa, 2015. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling 2015), chapter Multi-source Cross-lingual Delexicalized Parser Transfer: Prague or Stanford?, pages 281–290. Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Roy Schwartz, Omri Abend, and Ari Rappoport. 2012. Learnability-based syntactic annotation design. In Proceedings of COLING 2012, pages 2405–2422, Mumbai, India, December. The COLING 2012 Organizing Committee.
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Daniel Zeman, Ondrej Dušek, David Marecek, Martin Popel, Loganathan Ramasamy, Jan Štepánek, Zdenek Žabokrtsk?, and Jan Hajic. 2014. Hamledt: Harmonized multi-language dependency treebank. Language Resources and Evaluation, 48(4):601–637.
Yue Zhang and Joakim Nivre. 2011. Transition-based Dependency Parsing with Rich Non-local Features. In Proceedings of ACL 2011, the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, pages 188–193, Portland, Oregon, USA, June. Association for Computational Linguistics.
