Marcelle C. McManus
University of Bath, UK
Ladda ner artikel
http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp11057455Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Congress - Sweden; 8-13 May; 2011; Linköping; Sweden
Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings 57:61, s. 455-462
Publicerad: 2011-11-03
ISBN: 978-91-7393-070-3
ISSN: 1650-3686 (tryckt), 1650-3740 (online)
The UK transport sector is currently responsible for 30% of UK CO2 emissions. Therefore; the use of biofuels is explored. As the CO2 released when energy is generated from biomass is generally balanced by that absorbed during the fuel’s production it is often regarded as a ‘carbon neutral’ process. However; there are impacts associated with bioenergy production; including; for example; the growth and transportation of feedstock. One way to overcome these is to use a waste oil feedstock. Whilst there will not be enough waste oil to meet all our fuel demands; some firms in the UK have started to use their waste catering oil for transport. Collection and conversion is often done on a small scale and a number of methods are used for the processes. Therefore; the associated environmental impacts are variable. The environmental impact of the production and use of biodiesel from waste oil based on two case studies has been assessed. The impacts associated with the use of fossil fuels and climate change gas production is lower than that of the production of conventional fossil fuel diesel. The biggest impact within the process is associated with the use of methanol and the waste oil collection.
[1] G.P Hammond; S. Kallu; & M.C. McManus. Development of biofuels for the UK automotive market; Applied Energy. 2008 Vol 85; Issue 6; pp 506-515.
doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2007.09.005.
[2] P Upham; & D Speakman;. Stakeholder opinion on constrained 2030 bioenergy - scenarios for North West England. Energy Policy. 2007. Vol 35; Issue 11; pp 5549-5561.
doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2007.05.026.
[3] International Organisation for Standardisation [a]. Environmental Management – life cycle assessment – principles and framework; 2nd edn; ISO; Geneva; 2006. ISO 14040.
[4] International Organisation for Standardisation [b]. Environmental Management – life cycle assessment – requirements and guidelines; 2nd edn; ISO; Geneva; 2006. ISO 14044.
[5] M Goedkoop & R SpriensmaThe EcoIndicator 99. A Damage Orientated Method for Life Cycle Impact Assessment. Methodology Report.. 2001 Available from http://www.pre.nl/download/EI99_methodology_v3.pdf
[6] M.C McManus; G.P. Hammond and C.R Burrows. Life-Cycle Assessment of Mineral and Rapeseed Oil in Mobile Hydraulic Systems. 2004 Journal of Industrial Ecology. Vol 7. 3-4. pp 163-177.
[7] M.C. McManus. LCA of Biofuels – Two South West Case Studies. 2009. Accessed from: http://www.knowledgewest.org.uk/news/?id=96 (December 9th 2010)
[8] D Lewis. South West Region Biomass and Biofuels Review. 2007. Accessed from: http://www.knowledgewest.org.uk/news/index.asp?id=43 (December 9th 2010)
[9] EcoInvent Life Cycle Inventory Database. http://www.ecoinvent.ch/
[10] S Morais; T.M Mata; A.A Martins; G.A Pinto. & C.A.V Costa. Simulation and life cycle assessement of process design alternatives for biodiesel production from waste vegetable oils. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2010 Vol 18. pp 1251 – 1259.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.04.014.
[11] MA Elsayed; R Matthews; N Mortimer; Carbon and energy balances for a range of biofuels options. 2003 Study for DTI URN 03/836
[12] S Pleanjai; H.G Shabbir & S Garivait Greenhouse gas emissions from production and use of used cooking oil methyl ester as transport fuel in Thailand. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2009. Vol 17 pp 873- 876. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.01.007.