Konferensartikel

As the production of biofuels continues to expand worldwide; criticism about; e.g. the energy output versus input and the competition with food has been questioned. However; biofuels may be optimized to increase the environmental performance through the concepts of industrial symbiosis. This paper offers a quantification of the environmental performance of industrial symbiosis in the biofuel industry through integration of biogas and ethanol processes using a life cycle approach. Results show that although increasing integration is assumed to produce environmental benefits in industrial symbiosis; not all impact categories have achieved this and the results depend upon the allocation methods chosen.

Ethanol; Biogas; Industrial symbiosis; Environmental impacts; Biofuel