S. Mejíra Dugand
Division of Environmental Technology and Management - Department of Management and Engineering, Linköpings Universitet, Linköping, Sweden
O. Hjelm
Division of Environmental Technology and Management - Department of Management and Engineering, Linköpings Universitet, Linköping, Sweden
L. W. Baas
Division of Environmental Technology and Management - Department of Management and Engineering, Linköpings Universitet, Linköping, Sweden
Ladda ner artikel
http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110573169Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Congress - Sweden; 8-13 May; 2011; Linköping; Sweden
Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings 57:22, s. 3169-3176
Publicerad: 2011-11-03
ISBN: 978-91-7393-070-3
ISSN: 1650-3686 (tryckt), 1650-3740 (online)
As cities have become home for 50% of the world’s population; urban systems have definitely caught public attention. The urban metabolism can be improved by transforming their linear behavior into a more circular one. This paper is based on a project initiated by the Division of Environmental Technology and Management at Linköping university; financed by Vinnova: Megatech. The aim is to study the megacities of Cairo and Mexico City in order to understand some of the problems they are facing. By improving their energy and material flows behavior; these megacities can benefit from the reduction of their dependence on fossil fuels and virgin materials; the protection of part of their social; economic and productive systems from external factors (e.g. political drawbacks; shortage/distribution problems; international prices); an increased effectiveness of their planning activities–as they would be based to a large extent on their own resources–and the reduction of their environmental burden. An in situ study will take place with the participation of local stakeholders. Information about environmental problems will be collected and potential solutions will be analyzed and suggested. A tentative model is presented; showing how the reinsertion of the outflows into the urban system could benefit these cities’ overall environmental performance.
[1] United Nations; World urbanization prospects – The 2007 revision; Economic and Social Affairs/Population division; 2006.
[2] T. Jackson; Prosperity without growth – Economics for a finite planet; London: Earthscan; 2009.
[3] P.A. David; Clio and the Economics of QWERTY. American Economic Review 75; 1985; pp. 332-337.
[4] S. Erkman; Industrial Ecology: an historical view; Journal of Cleaner Production; Vol. 5; No. 1-2; 1997; pp. 1-10.
doi: 10.1016/S0959-6526(97)00003-6.
[5] Al-Masry Al-Youm; Wheat shortage; thunderstorms in the south; aid to Gaza; 2010.
[6] IRIN; EGYPT: Health problems for residents of sewage-soaked shantytown; 2008.
[7] B. Sigvardsson; Sopkaos i Kairo när sopplockarna rationaliseras bort [Waste chaos in Cairo when waste-pickers are rationalized]; Avfall och Miljö 3; 2010; pp. 35-37.
[8] Daily News Egypt; Cairo governorate amends waste management contracts; 2010.
[9] EFE; Empresas españolas atrapadas en la basura de El Cairo [Spanish companies trapped in Cairo’s waste]; 2004.
[10] The New York Times; Garbage piles up in Cairo after swine-flu pig slaughter; 2009.
[11] The Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs; Addressing the problem. Al-Ahram; 2009.
[12] R. Leila; Reaching an impasse. Al-Ahram; 2006.
[13] The Associated Press; Gas shortage raises Egyptians’ anger at the government; 2010.
[14] Al-Masry Al-Youm. Today’s papers: MBs arrested; butane shooting in Tanta; 2010.
[15] Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics – CAPMAS; The final results for Population and Housing Census 2006; 2008.
[16] Gobierno del Distrito Federal. Transparencia Ciudadana [Citizen Transparency]; www.transparenciamedioambiente.df.gob.mx; accessed 10 August 2010.
[17] The International Development Research Centre – IDRC; México; una ciudad sedienta [Mexico; a thirsty city]; 2004; www.idrc.ca/en/ev-68034-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html; accessed 10 June 2010.
[18] Sistema de Aguas de la Ciudad de México - SACM. El camino del agua [Water’s path]; www.sacm.df.gob.mx/sacm/index.php; accessed 17 November 2010.
[19] Secretaría del Medio Ambiente; Registros históricos 2000-2010 [Historical records 2000-2010]; www.sma.df.gob.mx/simat2/index.php?opcion=69; accessed 17 October 2010.
[20] El Universal; 77% no confía en agua capitalina [77% does not trust the capital’s water]; 2010; www.eluniversal.com.mx/ciudad/102971.html; accessed 15 October 2010.
[21] World Health Organization Europe; Air quality guidelines – Global update 2005; 2006.
[22] Secretaría del Medio Ambiente del Distrito Federal; Pierde DF sustentabilidad por autos [The Federal District loses sustainability because of cars]; 2006; www.sma.df.gob.mx/imecaweb/boletin/bol0906/pdf/20.pdf; accessed 1September 2010.
[23] R. Burdett and D. Sudjic; ed.; The endless city; London: Phaidon Press Ltd.; 2007.
[24] The Clean Air Institute; Revisión crítica de información sobre proyecto de restricción sabatina [Critical informative revision of the sabbatine restriction project ]; 2007.
[25] La Jornada; Habitantes del valle de México pierden cinco años de su vida por congestiones viales: CTS [Inhabitants of the valley of Mexico lose five years of their lives due to traffic jams: CTS]; 2010.
[26] Secretaría de Obras y Servicios; Recolección; transferencia; selección y disposición final [Collection; transfer; sorting and final disposal]; www.obras.df.gob.mx/servicios_urbanos/residuos/rec_trans_sel_final.html; accessed 1 September 2010.
[27] U.S. Energy Information Agency; Country energy profiles; 2008; tonto.eia.doe.gov/country/index.cfm; accessed 16 November 2010.
[28] Consejo Estatal de Población; Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México [Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico]; 2009.
[29] Comisión Nacional del Agua; Estadísticas del agua en México – Edición 2010 [Water statistics in Mexico – 2010 Edition]; 2010.
[30] Svenskt Gastekniskt Center; Substrate handbook for biogas production; 2009; http://www.sgc.se/display.asp?ID=1242&Typ=Rapport&Menu=Rapporter; accessed November 15; 2010.
[31] Instituto Nacional de Ecología; Inventario nacional de gases de efecto invernadero 2006 [National inventory of greenhouse gases 2006]; 2008; http://www.ine.gob.mx/descargas/cclimatico/inf_inegei_energia_2006.pdf; accessed January 3; 2011.
[32] Economist Intelligence Unit; Latin America Green City Index; 2010; http://www.siemens.com/entry/cc/features/greencityindex_international/all/en/pdf/report_latam_en.pdf; accessed November 10; 2010.
[33] Secretaría del Medio Ambiente del Distrito Federal; Mexico City Climate Action – Program 2008-2012/Summary; 2008.
