Konferensartikel

Rice-Straw Based Cement Brick Microclimatic Thermal Impact Assessment in Cairo; Egypt

Tamer Akmal
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt

Mohammad Fahmy
Department of Architecture, Military Technical Collage, Cairo, Egypt

Abdul-Wahab El-Kadi
Department of Architecture, Al-Skerouk Higher Institute of Engineering, Al-Sherouk Academy, Cairo, Egypt

Ladda ner artikelhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110572094

Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Congress - Sweden; 8-13 May; 2011; Linköping; Sweden

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings 57:46, s. 2094-2101

Visa mer +

Publicerad: 2011-11-03

ISBN: 978-91-7393-070-3

ISSN: 1650-3686 (tryckt), 1650-3740 (online)

Abstract

The population and urbanization growth will lead to more dependency on mechanical cooling which is not a long term sustainable strategy. Therefore; it is important to ensure all elements involved in urban sustainable developments are well performing. Of these elements; building materials have an essential role to adjusting outdoor heat environment transfer to the indoors. As part of the research society work in Cairo towards minimizing the "black cloud" generated due to burning rice roots and straw after cultivation; this paper studies the thermal performance of a novel manufactured brick using rice straw fibbers on a cement-aggregate mixture basis. It has been designed to provide a recycled constructional biomaterial; to help healthy urban environment and reduce cooling energy demands. ENVI-met BETA5 numerical simulations were held for an existing microclimatic area to assess the impact of this brick on outdoor comfort in terms of Predicted Mean Vote; PMV; as well as for indoor conditions in terms of ambient air temperature. Among the many mixtures to produce the least bricks number suitable for transportation (1000 bricks); only two were optimum for cost; mechanical and thermal properties. In comparison with normal cement brick; PMV records showed fixed values using the selected rice-straw based cement brick mixture. In evening; it recorded less mean outdoor air temperature as different wall heat interaction occurred due to the new brick k-value. This suggests that the new brick balances between indoor and outdoor needs and contributes to further investigations in terms of energy conscious urban planning.

Nyckelord

Rice-straw cement brick; thermal impact assessment

Referenser

[1] Radhi; H.; A comparison of the accuracy of building energy analysis in Bahrain using data from different weather periods. Renewable Energy; 2009. 34(3): p. 869-875. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2008.06.008.

[2] McEVOY; D.; Climate Change and Cities. Built Environment; 2007. 33(1): p. 5-9. doi: 10.2148/benv.33.1.5.

[3] Rosenfeld; A.H.; H. Akbari; S. Bretz; B.L. Fishman; D.M. Kurn; D. Sailor; and H. Taha; Mitigation of urban heat islands: materials; utility programs; updates. Energy and Buildings; 1995. 22(3): p. 255-265. doi: 10.1016/0378-7788(95)00927-P.

[4] Wilby; R.L.; A Review of Climate Change Impacts on the Built Environment. Built Environment; 2007. 33(1): p. 31-45. doi: 10.2148/benv.33.1.31.

[5] Levermore; G.J.; A review of the IPCC Assessment Report Four; Part 1: the IPCC process and greenhouse gas emission trends from buildings worldwide. Building Service Engineering; 2008. 29(4): p. 349-361. doi: 10.1177/0143624408096263.

[6] El Araby; M.; Urban growth and environmental degradation. The case of Cairo; Egypt. Cities; 2002. 18(3): p. 135-149.

[7] Fahmi; W. and K. Sutton; Greater Cairo’s housing crisis: Contested spaces from inner city areas to new communities. Cities; 2008. 25(5): p. 277-297. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2008.06.001.

[8] Sutton; K. and W. Fahmi; Cairo’s urban growth and strategic master plans in the light of Egypt’s 1996 population census results. Cities; 2001. 18(3): p. 135-149. doi: 10.1016/S0264-2751(01)00006-3.

[9] Fahmy; M.; Interactive urban form design of local climate scale in hot semi-arid zone; in School of Architecture. 2010; University of Sheffield: Sheffield.

[10] Fahmy; M. and S. Sharples; On the development of an urban passive thermal comfort system in Cairo; Egypt. Building and Environment; 2009a. 44(9): p. 1907-1916. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.01.010.

[11] Fahmy; M.; Urban form adaptation towards minimizing climate change effects in Cairo; Egypt.; in Accepted abstract and submitted Manuscript to Building Sustainability in the Arabic Region. 2010; HBRC; Housing and Building Research Centre: Cairo.

[12] Fahmy; M.; A. Trabolsi; and S. Sharples; Dual stage simulations to study microclimate thermal effect on comfort levels in a multi family residential building.; in 11th International Building Performance Simulation Association Conference 2009: University of Strathclyde in Glasgow; 27-30 July.

[13] HBRC; Energy Efficiency Residentail Building Draft Code (EERBC) for New Residentail Buildings; Additions and Retrofits. 2003; Egyptian Ministry of Housing; Utilities and Urban Communities; Housing and Building Research Centre.: Cairo.

[14] Shyam; M.; Agro-residue-based renewable energy technologies for rural development. Energy for Sustainable Development; 2002. 6(2): p. 37-42. doi: 10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60311-7.

[15] Pappu; A.; M. Saxena; and S.R. Asolekar; Solid wastes generation in India and their recycling potential in building materials. Building and Environment; 2007. 42(6): p. 2311-2320. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.04.015.

[16] Brandt; A.M.; Fibre reinforced cement-based (FRC) composites after over 40 years of development in building and civil engineering. Composite Structures; 2008. 86(1-3): p. 3-9. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.03.006.

[17] EEAA; Egyptian Environemnt Report. 2008; Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency; Ministry of State of Environmental Affairs: Cairo.

[18] Rahman; M.A.; Properties of clay-sand-rice husk ash mixed bricks. International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete; 1987. 9(2): p. 105-108. doi: 10.1016/0262-5075(87)90026-1.

[19] Mansour; A.; J. Srebric; and B.J. Burley; Development of Straw-cement Composite Sustainable Building Material for Low-cost Housing in Egypt. Journal of Applied Sciences Research; 2007. 3(11): p. 1571-1580.

[20] Akmal; T.; Recycling Rice-Straw for the manufacure of construction brick; in Arabic. 2005.

[21] ES1991; Egyptian standards 1292/1991 for concrete construction 1991; Egyptian Ministry of Housing; Utilities and urban Communities; Housing and Building Research Centre.: Cairo.

[22] HBRC; Egyptian Code of the basics of the design and implementation of the requirements of building works. 1995; Ministry of Housing; Utilities Research Center of Housing and Construction and Urban Planning: Cairo.

[23] Bruse; M. and H. Fleer; Simulating surface-plant-air interactions inside urban environments with a three dimensional numerical model. Environmental Modelling and Software; 1998. 13(3-4): p. 373-384. doi: 10.1016/S1364-8152(98)00042-5.

[24] Bruse; M.; ENVI-met V3.1; a microscale urban climate model; [Online]; Available: www.envi-met.com. Accessed 18/3/2009. 2008.

[25] Ali-Toudert; F. and H. Mayer; Numerical study on the effects of aspect ratio and orientation of an urban street canyon on outdoor thermal comfort in hot and dry climate. Building and Environment; 2006. 41(2): p. 94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.01.013.

[26] AutoDesk. ECOTECT2010; [Online]; Available at: http://www.autodesk.co.uk/adsk/servlet/mform?validate=no&siteID=452932&id=14205163. Accessed 19/4/2010. 2010 [cited.

[27] ASHRAE; ASHRAE Hand Book of Fundamentals (SI Edition). 2005; Atlanta: American Society of Heating; refrigerating; and Air-Conditioning Engineers Inc.

[28] Oke; T.R.; Boundary layer climates. 1987; London: Methuen.

Citeringar i Crossref